The freezer, also known as the refrigeration machine, is a core equipment for achieving a low-temperature environment and is widely used in industries, commerce, scientific research and other fields.
Working principle
The freezer is based on the reverse Carnot cycle and consists of a compressor, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator to form a circulation system. In the evaporator, the refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates. The compressor raises its pressure and temperature. The condenser dissipates heat and liquefies it. After the expansion valve reduces the pressure, the refrigerant returns to the evaporator. This cycle repeats to achieve refrigeration.
Classification
Compression refrigeration unit: It cools by compressing the refrigerant and is classified into piston type, screw type, etc. according to the type of compressor. High efficiency and stable operation, screw or centrifugal types are mostly used in large-scale places, while piston types are commonly seen in small-scale scenarios.
Absorption chiller: It cools by the interaction between the absorbent and the refrigerant, using lithium bromide aqueous solution as the absorbent and water as the refrigerant. It is applicable to areas with waste heat utilization or insufficient power supply, and can reduce energy consumption costs.
Steam jet chiller: It achieves refrigeration by injecting high-pressure steam to create negative pressure. It has a simple structure but low efficiency and is suitable for scenarios with small cooling capacity and abundant steam sources.
Semiconductor refrigerators: Based on the thermoelectric effect of semiconductors, they are small in size, do not require refrigerants, but have limited power. They are mostly used for heat dissipation in small electronic devices and sample preservation.
Application field
In industrial production, refrigerators ensure temperature control for petrochemical reactions, freeze-drying of pharmaceutical crystallization, and food freezing processing. In commercial Settings, maintain a low-temperature environment for supermarket freezers, cold storage rooms and refrigerated trucks. Scientific research experiments rely on it to simulate low-temperature conditions, control reaction temperatures and preserve samples. In the medical field, refrigerators are used for blood bank blood storage, drug refrigeration and freezing treatment, etc.
With diverse types and wide applications, refrigerators provide significant support for the development of various industries. In the future, they will continue to be upgraded and optimized to achieve greater value.
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